打印
2016年10月10日,習近平總書記在全國國有企業黨的建設工作會議上發表重要講話,為新時代堅持黨對國有企業的全麵領導、做強做優做大國有企業提供了根本遵循。習近平總書記站在堅持和發展中國特色社會主義、鞏固黨的執政基礎的全局高度,深刻回答了國有企業還要不要、guoyouqiyeyaobuyaojiaqiangdangdejianshedengzhongdalilunheshijianwenti,qizhixianmingdizhichu,zaizhongguogongchandanglingdaohewoguoshehuizhuyizhiduxia,guoyouqiyeheguoyoujingjibixubuduanfazhanzhuangda。zhepianzhongyaojianghuadeyibufenyi《堅定不移把國有企業做強做優做大》為題收錄於《十八大以來重要文獻選編》下冊。這篇重要講話對於我們加深對國有企業性質的認識、堅定做強做優做大國有企業的信心具有重要意義。
“要善於從政治上看問題”
“國有企業還要不要?”zheshixijinpingzongshujizaiquanguoguoyouqiyedangdejianshegongzuohuiyishangshouxiantichudeyigejianruiwenti。tichuzhegewentibushiwudefangshi,zhengshiyinweiyiduanshiqichuxianleyixieduiguoyouqiyecuowuderenshiheyanlun。xijinpingzongshujiliejuleyixiezhenduiguoyouqiyedeqitanguailun,liru“國有企業與民爭利”“國企是不堪的存在”“國企不破、中國不立”,一些人鼓吹“私有化”“去國有化”“去主導化”,聲稱“肢解”是國有企業改革的最佳方式。這些言論造成了思想上的混亂,導致一些同誌受到了一些模糊的、似是而非的甚至錯誤的觀念的影響。
如ru何he看kan待dai這zhe些xie否fou定ding國guo有you企qi業ye的de言yan論lun?無wu論lun是shi從cong法fa律lv規gui定ding和he經jing濟ji事shi實shi上shang看kan,還hai是shi從cong政zheng治zhi上shang看kan,這zhe些xie言yan論lun都dou是shi站zhan不bu住zhu腳jiao的de。從cong法fa律lv上shang看kan,我wo國guo憲xian法fa規gui定ding了le公gong有you製zhi的de主zhu體ti地di位wei,明ming確que國guo有you經jing濟ji是shi國guo民min經jing濟ji中zhong的de主zhu導dao力li量liang,“去國有化”和“去主導化”的論調明顯是與憲法相背的。從經濟統計數據上看,自20世紀90年代國企改革開始之後,國有經濟占國民經濟的比重呈下降趨勢。在這種趨勢下,一些人操弄所謂“國進民退”的(de)話(hua)題(ti),主(zhu)張(zhang)進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)私(si)有(you)化(hua),是(shi)罔(wang)顧(gu)基(ji)本(ben)經(jing)濟(ji)事(shi)實(shi)的(de)極(ji)端(duan)不(bu)負(fu)責(ze)任(ren)的(de)行(xing)為(wei)。公(gong)有(you)製(zhi)經(jing)濟(ji)的(de)比(bi)重(zhong)和(he)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)存(cun)廢(fei),不(bu)是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)統(tong)計(ji)問(wen)題(ti)。習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記(ji)深(shen)刻(ke)指(zhi)出(chu):“我們要善於從政治上看問題,決不能認為這隻是一個簡單的所有製問題,或者隻是一個純粹的經濟問題。那就太天真了!”一些敵對勢力寄希望於打垮、jiyaguoyouqiye,yidadaotamenxueruowomendangdezhizhengjichu,dianfuwoguoshehuizhuyizhidudexianeyongxin。xijinpingzongshujitichuyaocongzhengzhishangkandaiguoyouqiyedediweihezhongyaoxing,tixianletazuoweimakesizhuyizhengzhijiadezhanlveyuanjian。
zhengzhishangdejiandingyuanyulilunshangdeqingxing。jingjijichujuedingshangcengjianzhu,shengchanziliaogongyouzhishishehuizhuyizhiduqubieyuzibenzhuyizhidudegenbenbiaozhi,guoyoujingjishishehuizhuyijingjizhidudejichu。guoyouqiyezuoweiguoyoujingjidezhuyaozaiti,ruguobushifazhanzhuangda,ershirijianweisuo,namegongyouzhidezhutidiweijiangjijikewei,guoyoujingjidezhudaozuoyongjiuwucongshixian,shehuizhuyizhidudejingjijichuyejiangbeixiaochu,shangcengjianzhubijiangsuizhigaibian。suoyi,xijinpingzongshujiliantiwugewentigaojiewomen:“如果把國有企業搞小了、搞垮了、搞沒了,公有製主體地位、國guo有you經jing濟ji主zhu導dao作zuo用yong還hai怎zen麼me堅jian持chi?工gong人ren階jie級ji領ling導dao地di位wei還hai怎zen麼me堅jian持chi?共gong同tong富fu裕yu還hai怎zen麼me實shi現xian?我wo們men黨dang的de執zhi政zheng基ji礎chu和he執zhi政zheng地di位wei還hai怎zen麼me鞏gong固gu?中zhong國guo特te色se社she會hui主zhu義yi還hai怎zen麼me堅jian持chi和he發fa展zhan?”對於這些問題,各級領導幹部和國有企業的幹部職工要深入思考,不能掉入別有用心的人製造的陷阱和圈套。
“國有企業是中國特色社會主義的重要物質基礎和政治基礎”
國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)黨(dang)和(he)國(guo)家(jia)事(shi)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)全(quan)局(ju)中(zhong)占(zhan)據(ju)重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)戰(zhan)略(lve)地(di)位(wei),黨(dang)的(de)十(shi)八(ba)大(da)以(yi)來(lai),黨(dang)中(zhong)央(yang)高(gao)度(du)重(zhong)視(shi)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)改(gai)革(ge)發(fa)展(zhan),習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記(ji)對(dui)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)的(de)性(xing)質(zhi)和(he)定(ding)位(wei)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)新(xin)的(de)概(gai)括(kuo)。習(xi)近(jin)平(ping)總(zong)書(shu)記(ji)指(zhi)出(chu):“國guo有you企qi業ye是shi中zhong國guo特te色se社she會hui主zhu義yi的de重zhong要yao物wu質zhi基ji礎chu和he政zheng治zhi基ji礎chu,關guan係xi公gong有you製zhi主zhu體ti地di位wei的de鞏gong固gu,關guan係xi我wo們men黨dang的de執zhi政zheng地di位wei和he執zhi政zheng能neng力li,關guan係xi我wo國guo社she會hui主zhu義yi製zhi度du。”yiwangwomenduiguoyouqiyederenshigengduodeshitingliuzaiwuzhijichushang,xijinpingzongshujidezheduanzhongyaolunshubawomendangguanyuguoyouqiyediweiderenshitishengdaolexindegaodu,biaomingwomendangduiguoyouqiyexingzhiheshehuizhuyijiansheguilvderenshijinyibushenhua。
從(cong)物(wu)質(zhi)基(ji)礎(chu)看(kan),國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)發(fa)展(zhan)取(qu)得(de)的(de)巨(ju)大(da)成(cheng)就(jiu)為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)製(zhi)度(du)奠(dian)定(ding)了(le)堅(jian)實(shi)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)基(ji)礎(chu),為(wei)社(she)會(hui)主(zhu)義(yi)現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)建(jian)設(she)提(ti)供(gong)了(le)重(zhong)要(yao)動(dong)力(li)源(yuan)。新(xin)中(zhong)國(guo)成(cheng)立(li)以(yi)後(hou),我(wo)們(men)建(jian)立(li)了(le)一(yi)大(da)批(pi)在(zai)國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)中(zhong)占(zhan)據(ju)主(zhu)要(yao)地(di)位(wei)的(de)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye),依(yi)托(tuo)國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)逐(zhu)步(bu)建(jian)立(li)了(le)門(men)類(lei)齊(qi)全(quan)、獨(du)立(li)完(wan)整(zheng)的(de)工(gong)業(ye)體(ti)係(xi)和(he)國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)體(ti)係(xi),保(bao)證(zheng)了(le)我(wo)國(guo)的(de)經(jing)濟(ji)獨(du)立(li)和(he)國(guo)家(jia)安(an)全(quan)。改(gai)革(ge)開(kai)放(fang)以(yi)來(lai),國(guo)有(you)企(qi)業(ye)在(zai)改(gai)革(ge)中(zhong)激(ji)發(fa)內(nei)生(sheng)動(dong)力(li),在(zai)促(cu)進(jin)國(guo)民(min)經(jing)濟(ji)發(fa)展(zhan)、推動科技創新、承擔社會責任等方麵作出了巨大貢獻。黨的十八大以來,國有企業進一步深化改革,持續做強做優做大國有資本,國有經濟的活力、控製力、影響力、國際競爭力、抗風險能力不斷增強。習近平總書記對國有企業的發展成就給予了高度評價:“我國國有企業為我國經濟社會發展、科技進步、國防建設、民生改善作出了曆史性貢獻,功勳卓著!功不可沒!這是絕對不能否定的!也是絕對否定不了的!”國有企業為中國特色社會主義的鞏固和發展、為中華民族偉大複興曆史進程的向前推進打下了不容否定的物質基礎。
從政治上看,國有企業是我們黨執政興國的重要支柱和依靠力量,是鞏固黨的執政地位、jianchishehuizhuyizhidudezhongyaobaozheng。womendangyaozaizhongguochangqizhizheng,baochidangdelingdaodiwei,yigejibenqiantijiushiyaobaochiyiguoyoujingjiweidaibiaodegongyouzhidezhutidiwei。ruguodaliangguoyouqiyebeisiyouhua,shehuizhuyizhidudejingjijichuhedangzhizhengdegenjijiushoudaoqinshi,guojiazhengquandexingzhijiuhuifashenggaibian,gongtongfuyujiuwufashixian,minzufuxingjiuhuichengweikongxiang。
congjiejijichukan,womendangshigongrenjiejidexianfengdui,gongrenjiejishiwoguodelingdaojieji,shiwomendangzhizhengzuijianshizuikekaodejiejijichu。guoyouqiyeshiwoguochanyegongrenzuijizhongdedifang,shiwoguogongrenjiejiduiwudeguganliliang。xijinpingzongshujizhichu:“把國有企業建設好,把工人階級作用發揮好,對鞏固黨的執政地位、鞏固我國社會主義製度具有十分重大的意義。”國有企業的廣大黨員、幹部、職工是黨的執政地位的堅定擁護者,是社會主義現代化建設的重要力量,必須全心全意依靠工人階級,不斷鞏固黨執政的階級基礎。
國有企業改革發展要堅持“三個有利於”方針
做強做優做大國有企業,必須堅持深化改革,完善國有企業治理模式和經營機製。如何深化國有企業改革?習近平總書記提出了“三個有利於”方針,即“有利於國有資產保值增值、有利於提高國有經濟競爭力、有利於放大國有資本功能”,為國有企業改革發展指明了方向和目標。這三個方針是相輔相成、lianguantongyide,shixianguoyouzichanbaozhizengzhishiguoyouqiyegaigefazhandejibenmubiao,tigaoguoyouzichanbaozhizengzhidenengli,tongshijiunengtigaoguoyoujingjidejingzhengli,jinyibuzaihunhesuoyouzhigaigezhongshixianguoyouzibengongnengdefangda。anzhao“三個有利於”方fang針zhen,國guo有you企qi業ye改gai革ge要yao進jin一yi步bu推tui進jin國guo有you經jing濟ji布bu局ju優you化hua和he結jie構gou調tiao整zheng,實shi施shi國guo有you企qi業ye分fen類lei改gai革ge,推tui動dong國guo有you資zi本ben向xiang重zhong要yao行xing業ye和he關guan鍵jian領ling域yu集ji中zhong,堅jian持chi有you進jin有you退tui,有you所suo為wei有you所suo不bu為wei;要積極發展國有資本、集體資本、非公有資本等交叉持股、相互融合的混合所有製經濟,放大國有資本功能;還要完善國有資產管理體製,以管資本為主加強國有資產監管,提高國有資本的運作效率和水平。
推動國有企業深化改革,最關鍵的是要把加強黨的領導和完善公司治理統一起來,建設中國特色現代國有企業製度。習近平總書記指出:“中國特色現代國有企業製度,‘特’就特在把黨的領導融入公司治理各環節,把企業黨組織內嵌到公司治理結構之中。”現代國有企業有黨組織、董(dong)事(shi)會(hui)和(he)經(jing)理(li)層(ceng)等(deng)各(ge)種(zhong)治(zhi)理(li)主(zhu)體(ti),黨(dang)組(zu)織(zhi)既(ji)要(yao)尊(zun)重(zhong)和(he)支(zhi)持(chi)其(qi)他(ta)治(zhi)理(li)主(zhu)體(ti)行(xing)使(shi)職(zhi)權(quan),又(you)要(yao)注(zhu)重(zhong)通(tong)過(guo)製(zhi)度(du)設(she)計(ji)發(fa)揮(hui)領(ling)導(dao)作(zuo)用(yong)。在(zai)公(gong)司(si)製(zhi)度(du)上(shang),要(yao)把(ba)黨(dang)建(jian)工(gong)作(zuo)要(yao)求(qiu)寫(xie)入(ru)公(gong)司(si)章(zhang)程(cheng),確(que)立(li)黨(dang)組(zu)織(zhi)在(zai)公(gong)司(si)治(zhi)理(li)體(ti)係(xi)中(zhong)的(de)法(fa)定(ding)地(di)位(wei)。在(zai)組(zu)織(zhi)架(jia)構(gou)上(shang),要(yao)完(wan)善(shan)“雙向進入、交叉任職”領ling導dao體ti製zhi,把ba黨dang的de政zheng治zhi建jian設she要yao求qiu和he市shi場chang化hua選xuan人ren用yong人ren機ji製zhi結jie合he起qi來lai。在zai決jue策ce程cheng序xu上shang,黨dang組zu織zhi要yao對dui重zhong大da經jing營ying管guan理li事shi項xiang進jin行xing前qian置zhi研yan究jiu把ba關guan,同tong時shi維wei護hu董dong事shi會hui和he經jing理li層ceng的de決jue策ce和he經jing營ying管guan理li職zhi權quan。通tong過guo構gou建jian中zhong國guo特te色se現xian代dai國guo有you企qi業ye製zhi度du,既ji發fa揮hui黨dang的de領ling導dao的de政zheng治zhi優you勢shi,又you體ti現xian現xian代dai企qi業ye製zhi度du的de經jing營ying效xiao率lv,有you效xiao推tui動dong國guo有you企qi業ye做zuo強qiang做zuo優you做zuo大da。